The global COVID-19 crisis has prompted increased use of teledentistry, yet its implementation in Japan remains limited, partly due to unclear identification of suitable patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate patient needs in Saitama dental clinics, support clinicians in adopting teledentistry, and determine which patients are most likely to benefit. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2020 among patients visiting 28 dental clinics in Saitama, Japan. Participants provided demographic details, reported the impact of COVID-19, and indicated their interest in teledentistry, including willingness for future consultations. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression modeling. From the 1,335 questionnaires distributed, 1,312 were retrieved (yielding a response rate of 98.3%). Of these, 835 valid submissions were analyzed for interest in future teledentistry. Among them, 299 respondents fell into the “interest” category, whereas 536 were placed in the “no-interest” category. A notable difference was observed in the pattern of dental attendance between the two groups (p = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression further indicated that individuals who sought dental care solely when required showed a significantly stronger likelihood of preferring teledentistry (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00–2.57). Remote dentistry could represent a practical option for those with irregular dental appointments. More research is essential to determine which types of consultations these respondents favor most, and in what ways teledentistry might be tailored to effectively address their expectations.